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Bringing Back Extinct Species: The Case of the Woolly Mammoth
In this episode, we sit down with Ben Lam, the CEO of Colossal, a company at the forefront of de-extinction technology. Ben shares his insights and expertise on the fascinating world of bringing back extinct species, with a particular focus on the woolly mammoth.
Unraveling the Science of De-Extinction
Ben explains the process of de-extinction, which involves extracting DNA from sources such as permafrost, bones, and teeth of extinct animals. Through computational analysis, scientists identify the unique genes that made these species distinct. These genes are then edited into the cells of the closest living relative, in the case of the woolly mammoth, the Asian elephant.
The Potential Benefits of Mammoth Revival
One of the key motivations behind bringing back mammoths is their potential impact on the environment. Ben discusses how mammoths could help combat climate change by restoring grasslands in the Arctic. Grasslands are more efficient at reflecting light and storing carbon than the current tree-dominated landscape. Additionally, mammoths could lower temperatures in the Arctic by packing down snow during the winter months.
Ben draws parallels between the role of elephants in maintaining biodiversity and crop rotation and the potential role of mammoths in the Arctic ecosystem. By knocking down trees and trampling the ground, mammoths could create grasslands and promote a healthier ecosystem.
The Future of De-Extinction
Colossal's approach to de-extinction involves ex-utero development, growing embryos in artificial wombs. This method allows for the production of multiple mammoths in a controlled facility, rather than relying solely on natural breeding. Ben emphasizes the importance of responsible and collaborative rewilding efforts, working closely with governments, regulatory agencies, indigenous groups, and private landowners.
While the focus of Colossal is on de-extincting mammals, Ben highlights the broader implications of their work. The technologies and knowledge gained from de-extinction could have applications for humans, such as gene editing and gene therapies to cure diseases and enhance human capabilities. However, ethical considerations and regulations must be carefully addressed.
Exploring Ethical Boundaries
The conversation delves into the ethical implications of embryo selection and genetic enhancement, raising questions about eugenics and the boundaries of ethical genetic manipulation. Ben and the host discuss the potential future of healthcare, including personalized medicine and genetic testing to identify and address genetic predispositions and risks.
This episode provides a thought-provoking exploration of the science, ethics, and potential benefits of de-extinction, focusing on the captivating case of the woolly mammoth. Join us as we dive into the world of bringing back extinct species with Ben Lam, CEO of Colossal.